Prof Paula Kotze, Research Group Leader and Chief Researcher

Gelderblom, Helene; Kotzé Paula. Ten Design Lessons from the Literature on Child Development and Children’s Use of Technology, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, Como, Italy, ACM Press, p. 52-60. ISBN: I978-1-60558-395-2.

The existing knowledge base on child development offers a wealth of information that can be useful for the design of children’s technology. Furthermore, academic journals and conference proceedings provide us with a constant stream of new research papers on child-computer interaction and interaction design for children. It will require some effort from designers to gather and digest the scattered research results and theoretical knowledge applicable to their products. We conducted an extended research project whereby the existing knowledge relating to the design of technology for children aged five to eight have been gathered and presented in a way that makes it accessible and useful to designers in practice. This paper provides and extract from that research, focusing on ten useful lessons learnt from existing literature. Another version of the paper is available here.

Jacobs, Dina; Kotze, Paula; Van der Merwe, Alta;  2009. Towards an Enterprise Repository Framework, Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Advanced Enterprise Repositories (AER 2009), edited by Oliver Camp and Slimane Hammoudi, INSTICC Press, ISBN: 978-989-8111-93-7, p. 77 - 89. 

The enterprise architect is dependent on the functionality of the enterprise repository to define and maintain the enterprise architecture. Two of the specific functionalities are typical ‘warehouse’ related functionalities. The one requirement is to integrate multiple business process reference models as source models, similar to the reuse of data from different sources in a data warehouse environment. The second requirement is the flexible visualization of business process models that has a ‘slice-and-dice’ flavour as used in the data warehouse domain. By means of analogical reasoning, our research investigates using the theoretical foundation of the data warehouse domain to contribute to the definition of an enterprise repository framework. Based on the similarities found, an enterprise repository framework is derived. Another version of the paper is available here.

Van der Merwe, A. & Kotzé, P. 2009. A Systematic Approach for the Identification of Process Reference Models. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering (SE 2009),  ACTA Press, ISBN: 978-0-88986-786-4, p. 75 – 80.

Process models are used in different application domains to capture knowledge on the process flow. Process reference models (PRM) are used to capture reusable process models, which should simplify the identification process of process models and make it economically viable. In the identification of core elements within the process reference model, the focus is often on the end-product and not on the procedure used to identify the elements. As often proved in development of projects, there is a danger to emphasize the end-product without following a solid identification procedure. In this paper, the focus is on the identification of process reference models, where the authors suggest a method to follow for identification of process reference models, apply the method to a case study and reflect on the experiences during requirements elicitation for identification of process reference models at different institutions.  Another version of teh paper is availble here.

Wong W, Kotzé P, Read J, Bannon L; Hvannberg E. 2009. From Inventivity in Limerick to Creativity in Aveiro: Lessons Learnt. In: Kotzé  P;  Wong W;  Jorge J, Dix, A;  and Silva P A (Eds), Creativity and HCI: From Experience to Design in Education. Springer, 12 – 22, ISBN: 978-0-387-89021-0.

In this introductory chapter, we describe the key lessons from an earlier HCI Educators’ conference, held in Limerick in 2006, the outcomes of which led to the theme of HCIEd 2007 – Creativity: Experiencing to Educate and Design. The paper discusses the lessons leant around four key questions: nature vs. nurture: can creative invention be taught; what tools and methods are there to help students learn to develop creative solutions; how do we train educators in creative invention; and what are the stumbling blocks to ‘inventivity’?  Another version of the paper is available here.

Kotzé, P; Purgathofer  P. 2009. Designing Design Exercises – From Theory to Creativity and Real-world Use. In: Kotzé  P;  Wong W;  Jorge J, Dix, A;  and Silva P A (Eds), Creativity and HCI: From Experience to Design in Education. Springer, 42 – 59,  ISBN: 978-0-387-89021-0.

This paper discusses a framework for design exercises for interaction design and HCI based on two theoretical frameworks and a set of knowledge transformers. The model scope design exercises on a continuum ranging from creativity to real-world use based on the argument that students must experience design to enable them to learn effectively. Another version of the paper is available here.

Greeff, M, Kotzé P. 2008. I am Part of Society, but Still an Individual: A Case Study about Challenges Faced by Individuals with Mobility Impairments. In Proceedings of Accessible Design in the Digital World: new media; new technologies; new users. University of York.

This paper reports on our experiences, problems and lessons learned in designing an adaptable web portal that is specifically aimed at people with a variety of disabilities and an initial usability evaluation of the portal. We highlight the fact that designing a system that is usable by people with various disabilities, and various severities of a specific disability, is not a trivial task. Each person with a disability has his/her own way of interacting with ICT devices and even prefers to use different assistive devices, depending on their computer literacy level and the severity of their disability. Although the portal was evaluated by participants with a variety of disabilities, this paper focuses only on the participants with comparable mobility impairments, to illustrate that even within a fairly homogenous group, no ‘universal design’ was possible.

Gelderblom, H; Kotzé P. 2008. Designing Technology for Young Children:  What we can Learn from Theories of Cognitive Development. Proceedings of SAICSIT 2008. ACM Conference Proceedings Series, ISBN 978-1-60558-286-3, p. 66 - 75.

The majority of guidelines and principles for design of technology are aimed at products for adults. The limited guidelines available for design of young children’s technology do not focus sufficiently on age-related requirements or they offer high-level advice that is only useful in the planning stages of design. This paper reports on research aiming to develop a set of guidelines for the design of technology for children aged five to eight years. We believe that the existing knowledge base on child development provides an ample starting point for setting up a useful framework of such guidelines. This paper demonstrates how the knowledge contained in psychological theories of child development can be translated into guidelines for the design of technology. Another version of the paper is available here.

Van Biljon, J; Kotzé P; Renaud, K. 2008. Mobile Phone Usage of Young Adults: The Impact of Motivational Factors. In: Proceedings of the Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group (CHISIG) of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction , edited  by Frank Vetere, Connor Graham & Christine Satchell, CHISIG. ISBN 0-9803063-4-5,  p. 57 to 64.

To increase marketability in a competitive and technologically evolving market designers are compelled to add new features to mobile phones. This often leads to ‘featuritis’ with hit-and-miss success rates. Our research goal is to find a more informed point of departure for feature addition activities that will improve design and maximise return on investment. We argue that a human motivational factor focus could provide a solid grounding for judging whether features are likely to be used, or not. In this paper we address the motivational factors that underlie mobile phone use by young adults aged between 18 and 30. We consider models for motivational factors from psychology and consumer science, as well as mobile phone usage space models, including the mobile phone usage space model (MUSM). MUSM proposes linking usage spaces to motivational factors, but does not explicitly investigate the mapping of features to the identified usage spaces. In this paper we investigate the features associated with individual MUSM usage spaces as well as the ranking of the usage spaces for our specific target group. Another version of the paper is availbel here.

Baumann, K., Kotzé, P., Oestreicher, L., Bannon, L., Varey, A., Van Greunen, D., Van der Veer, G., Petrie, H., Jounila, I., Mavrommati, I., Garay-Vitoria, N., Ozcan, O., Purgathofer, P., Silva, P.A.. 2007. Exercises in Studying HCI – EISH . In HCI Educators 2007 - Creativity3: Experiencing to educate and design. Aveiro, Portugal: GPCG,  134 – 137, ISBN: 978-972-789-227-3

This paper reports on the outcomes of the December 2006 CONVIVIO Faculty Forum and the proposed framework and guidelines for design exercises to stimulate creativity, developed at the Forum.

Kotzé, P., Purgathofer, P. 2007. A Framework for Design Exercises – From Creativity to Real World Use. In HCI Educators 2007 - Creativity3: Experiencing to educate and design. 2007. Aveiro, Portugal: GPCG, 59 – 68, ISBN: 978-972-789-227-3

This paper discusses a framework for interaction design exercises for interaction design and HCI based on two theoretical frameworks and a set of knowledge transformers. The model scope design exercises on a continuum ranging from creativity to real-world use based on the argument that students must experience design to enable them to learn effectively.

Wong, W., Kotzé, P., Bannon, L., Hvannberg, E., Read, J. 2007. Inventivity in HCI Education: Lessons from Limerick. In HCI Educators 2007 - Creativity3: Experiencing to educate and design. 2007. Aveiro, Portugal: GPCG, 9 – 14, ISBN: 978-972-789-227-3

In this paper, we describe the key lessons from a an earlier HCI Educators’ conference, held in Limerick in 2006, on ‘inventivity’ – a term coined to highlight the confluence of inventiveness and creativity. There is a distinction between being creative and being artistic. Hence, HCI education in creative inventiveness is not just about artistically pleasing user interfaces, but also about solutions that are innovative. We can know much about creativity and inventiveness. However, to be able to teach and train students so that they can be creatively inventive, we believe that it would be helpful if educators themselves have personally experienced this. With this in mind, the follow-up conference HCIEd 2007 Creativity: Experiencing to Educate and Design, was organised.

Greeff, M., Kotzé, P. 2007. Individual Difficulties Faced by Persons With Mobility Impairments. Proceeding of  IADIS International Conference Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. IADIS.

Van Biljon J., Kotzé, P. 2007. Profiling M-learning students according to cultural dimensions: Is that possible?. Proceedings of SACLA 2007.

Kotzé, P., Purgathofer, P. 2007. Developing Exrecises for Teaching Computing and Information Technology: A Theoretical Framework. In: Proceedings of Computer Science and Information technology Conference (CSITEd 2007), ISI.

Computing and information technology are very much design disciplines, although not always recognized as such. To succeed as a designer in this context requires experience in design skills, which implies appropriate practice. In the context of teaching computing and information technology this implies providing students with appropriate design exercises. This paper discusses a theoretical framework for the development of such exercises, based on the argument that students must experience design to enable them to learn effectively. The framework scopes exercises on a continuum ranging from creativity to real-world use based on two philosophies: elaboration and reduction.

Van der Merwe, A. Kotzé, P. 2007. Criteria in selecting effective requirements elicitation procedures. In: Proceedings of SAICSIT 2007, SAICSIT, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series Vol. 226, ISBN: 978-1-59593-775-9. New York: ACM,  162 – 171.

New methods, methodologies and procedures are often introduced within information systems without discussing the effectiveness thereof. We investigate the effectiveness of a requirements elicitation procedure for deriving process model structures. There were three activities that 'rigged' this study before comments were possible on the effectiveness of the requirements elicitation procedure: identification of the characteristics that the procedure adhered to, investigating the usefulness of the procedure, and using the procedure. Each of these activities is discussed. The higher education institution is used as illustrative case domain.

 Van der Merwe, A. Kotzé, P., Gerber, A. 2007. Generic process model structures: Towards a standard notation for abstract presentations. In: Proceedings of SAICSIT 2007, SAICSIT, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series Vol. 226, ISBN: 978-1-59593-775-9. New York: ACM, 172 – 180.

The identification of process model structures is usually complex and costly. If these structures can be reused across boundaries, this could not only benefit the internal structure of one application domain, but could also benefit organizations where it is not feasible to initiate expensive process re-engineering innovations. Furthermore, a reusable process is not worth much if the process is not available. The preservation and availability of objects are therefore important, through libraries in the case of objects, or repositories in the case of process models. The creation of the MIT Process Handbook was a step in this direction. However, although the authors used object-oriented concepts in the abstract representations, they did not rigorously apply object-oriented concepts in the abstract representations used in publications on their process repository. Especially in the notation used and reference to specializations, there are some inconsistencies. To address these issues, we suggest the use of polymorphism, where specializations inherit from the generic base process model, and the use of more formal object-oriented notation for defining specialization. Another version of the paper is available here.

 Van Biljon, J. Kotzé, P. 2007.  Modelling the factors that influence mobile phone adoption. In: Proceedings of SAICSIT 2007, SAICSIT, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series Vol. 226, ISBN: 978-1-59593-775-9. New York: ACM, 152 – 161.

Technology adoption models specify a pathway of technology acceptance from external variables to beliefs, intentions, adoption and actual usage. Mobile phone adoption has been studied from a variety of perspectives, including sociology, computer-supported cooperative work and human-computer interaction. What is lacking is a model integrating all these factors influencing mobile phone adoption. This paper investigates technology adoption models as a strategy to match mobile phone design to user's technological needs and expectations. Based on the literature study we integrate three existing technology adoption models and then evaluate the proposed model with interviews and a survey. The contribution of this paper is a model for representing the factors that influence mobile phone adoption.

Kotzé, P., Renaud, K., Koukouletsos, K., Khazaei, B., and Dearden, A. 2006. Patterns, anti-patterns and guidelines – effective aids to teaching HCI principles?, in E T Hvannberg, J C Read, L Bannon, P Kotzé and W Wong (eds.), Inventivity: Teaching theory, design and innovation in HCI,  University of Limerick, 115 – 120.

Patterns have been promoted as a knowledge transfer mechanism in many domains, including software engineering, business process management, and more recently in the field of interaction design. In software engineering a concerted effort is also being made to identify and document anti-patterns for capturing expert knowledge and transferring this to novices. This paper reports on a review of reported studies of the use of patterns and anti-patterns in teaching software engineering and human-computer interaction, and also reports on three studies examining the impact of using guidelines, patterns and anti-patterns in teaching interaction design principles.

 Van der Merwe, A., Kotzé, P., and Cronje, J. 2006. The usefulness of a generic process model structure, in J Barjis, U Ultes-Nitsche and J C Augusto (eds.), Modelling, Simulation, Verification and Validation of Enterprise Information Systems, INSTICC Press, 86 – 96.

Defining process model structures for reuse in different activities, such as re-engineering, may seem to be an innovative idea. There is, however, a danger that these models are created with no proof that it is useful in practice. In this paper, we give an overview of a re-engineering procedure based on existing re-engineering procedures and Goldratt’s theory of constraints to investigate the usefulness of process model structures in this activity. The usefulness is measured against an ordinal measurement defined.

Kotzé, P. 2006. Design for HCI. EU CONVIVIO Faculty Forum – Teaching Design for HCI, 14 – 17 December 2006, Graz, Austria, CONVIVIO, 33 – 36.

Ford G, Kotzé P & Marcus A. 2005. Cultural Dimension Models: Who is Stereotyping Whom?, in N. Aykin (ed.), Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Usability and Internationalization (in association with 11th International  Conference on Human–Computer Interaction(HCI  International 2005)) (CD/ROM), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 10 pages.

Research to establish what aspects of subjective culture influence usability, and to what extent, requires the use of a valid and relevant cultural model. The use of cultural dimension models in general, and Hofstede’s model in particular, has been widely criticized as being stereotypical and rigid, resulting in the rejection of this model as the basis for such research. In contrast to these criticisms, analysis and synthesis of the extant literature has revealed sufficient theoretical evidence to suggest that Hofstede’s cultural dimensions impact a system’s usability in terms of the cognitive load, user acceptance, objective usability, and the context of use. In addition, we present evidence that the problem of stereotyping is not caused from the use of the model, but rather as a result of the way in which the model is used in experimental design. Consequently, we conclude Hofstede’s cultural dimensions model is a relevant paradigm for further research into the effects of subjective culture on cross-cultural usability.

 Van der Merwe A, Kotzé P & Cronje J. 2005. Selecting a qualitative research approach for information systems research. In: S Asare (ed), Proceedings of SACLA 2005, University of Botswana.

This paper provides the reader with a set of guidelines when selecting the appropriate research approach for doing qualitative research within the information systems application domain.

 Ford G & Kotzé P. (2005). Researching Culture and Usability - A Conceptual Model of Usability, in T McEwan, D Benyon, & J Gulliksen (eds.) People and Computers XIX – The Bigger Picture. Springer, 317 - 333.

There are as many arguments against as supporting the accommodation of culture into user interface design. One argument suggests that it is necessary to match the subjective cultural profile of the interface to the cultural profile of the users in order to enhance usability and performance. In contrast, we argue that the interface design characteristics required to design interfaces to accommodate one side of four of the five cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede will result in an increase in usability for all users, irrespective of the users’ cultural profile. Secondary data analysis of a prior experiment somewhat supported our argument, but we conclude that further research into the effects of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions is required before our hypotheses can be accepted.

Kotze P, Eloff, Adesina-Ojo, Eloff J. 2004. Accessible computer interaction for people with disabilities: the case of quadriplegics. In: Proceedings Sixth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Volume 5, edited by I Seruca, J Filipe, H Cordeiro. INSTICC, Portugal.

Universal design is the design of products and environments so that all people can use them without adapta­tion or specialised design. Life must be simplified for all by making products, communications and the built environment more usable for as many people as possible at little, or no extra cost. To understand the chal­lenges that a disabled person has to face when using the computer, we have to know what capabilities such a person has. Only then will it be possible to apply universal design to computer interfaces. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges that many people face in their everyday life and determine to what extend disabled people, especially people with limited or no use of their hands and arms, interact independ­ently with computer equipment. The paper specifically look at quadriplegics, their capabilities, a survey of how they use computer equipment, as well as special devices available to assist them in this interaction.

 Kotzé P & Cloete E. 2004. Heuristics supporting usable authoring tools: matching the right tool to the right user. In: Proceedings Sixth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Volume 5, edited by I Seruca, J Filipe, H Cordeiro. INSTICC, Portugal.

In the past few years since e-learning has gained momentum, the user profile of instructional authoring tools has also evolved. It seems that commercial authoring products have not yet adapted to address all user groups, compelling lecturers who prepare e-learning materials to be impeded by their working environment, and as a result the materials do not meet the required quality. In this paper heuristics to design an authoring tool aimed at a specific user group, namely the ordinary lecturer, is described to enable subject-expert lecturers (not necessarily technically skilled) to create and reuse their own e-materials without undergoing intensive technical training. The significance of these heuristics lies in the fact that they provide a method to overcome many of the complexities associated with the design of instructional authoring tools. Furthermore, tools developed according to these heuristics might enable institutions to cope with the universal design demands associated with e-learning without their e-learning programmes being delayed by the scarcity of professional instructional designers and instructional programmers.

 Van der Poll  J A & Kotzé P. 2004. Reasoning about the Properties of an Enterprise Information Systems. In: Verification and Validation of Enterprise Information Systems, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Verification and Validation of Enterprise Information Systems, VVEIS 2004 (ISBN 972‑8865‑03‑1), edited by J C Augusto & U Ultes‑Nitsche. INSTICC, Portugal.

Heuristics for solving problems in ZF set theory using a resolution based automated reasoning assistant have been developed elsewhere. A condensed specification of a multi-level marketing enterprise in the Z specification language is presented and a number of proof obligations that result from operations on the state is stated. The feasibility of using certain reasoning heuristics for discharging proof obligations emerging from the specification is investigated and we show that important proof obligations arising from the specification of a real-life enterprise may successfully be discharged using a suite of well-chosen heuristics.

 Van der Poll  J A & Kotzé P. 2004. Evaluating reasoning heuristics in the context of multi-level marketing structures. In: Fulfilling the promise of ICT, Proceedings of SAICSIT 2004, edited by G Marsden, P Kotzé & A Adesina-Ojo. ACM Conference Proceedings Series, SAICSIT, Pretoria.

 J A Van Biljon, P Kotzé,  K Renaud, M  McGee & A Seffah. 2004. The use of anti-patterns in human-computer interaction. In: Fulfilling the promise of ICT, Proceedings of SAICSIT 2004, edited by G Marsden, P Kotze & A Adesina-Ojo. ACM Conference Proceedings Series, SAICSIT, Pretoria.

 Van der Merwe A, Kotze P & Cronje J. 2004. The functionality of a requirements elicitation procedure developed for process modelling within the higher education application domain. In: Proceedings of the 34th SACLA Conference 2004. University of Natal, Durban.

Kotzé P & Singh S. 2003.  An overview of systems development methodologies with regard to the involvement of users and other stakeholders. In: IT Research in Developing Countries, Proceedings of SAICSIT 2003, edited by J Eloff, P Kotzé, A Engelbrecht & M Eloff. ACM Conference Proceedings Series, SAICSIT, Pretoria.

 Van der Poll J A, Kotze P, Seffah A, Radhakrishnan T & Alsumait A. 2003.  Combining UCMs and formal methods for representing and checking the validity of scenarios  as user requirements. In: IT Research in Developing Countries, Proceedings of SAICSIT 2003, edited by J Eloff, P Kotzé, A Engelbrecht & M Eloff. ACM Conference Proceedings Series, SAICSIT, Pretoria.

 Baumann K, Kotze P, Oestreicher L & Rauterberg M. 2003. Teaching HCI: Looking at other disciplines. In: Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT ‘03, edited by M Rauterberg, M Menozzi & J Wesson.  IOS Press.

 Noirhomme-Fraiture M, Nicole C, Kotzé P & Abascal J. 2003. Including Accessibility and inclusive design in the curriculum for human-computer interaction. In: Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT ‘03, edited by M Rauterberg, M Menozzi & J Wesson. IOS Press.

Singh S & Kotzé P. 2003. The socio-political culture of users. In: Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT ‘03, edited by M Rauterberg, M Menozzi & J Wesson. IOS Press.

Kotzé P. 2002. Directions in HCI Education, Research and Practice in Southern Africa. Changing the World, Changing Ourselves, Conference Proceedings of CHI 2002, edited by L Terveen, D Wixon, E Comstock, & A Sasse. ACM, Minneapolis, USA.

 Kotzé P & Van der Poll J A. 2002. Towards Design Guidelines for Constructing a Formal Specification. Proceedings of 2002 Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems Workshop (DSVIS 2002), Rostock Germany, 12 ‑ 14 June 2002, 4 - 18. University of Rostock, Germany.

 Kotzé P & Cloete E. 2002. Reusable and Usable Environment for the Digital Courseware Domain. Proceedings of the 2002 Informing Science and IT Education Conference (ISSN) 1535-0703), 291 – 304. Informing Science, USA.

 Kotzé P, Renaud K & Van Dyk T. 2002. Feedback and Task Analysis for E‑Commerce Sites. Proceedings of ISSA 2002, edited by L Labuschagne & J Eloff, Johannesburg, South Africa, 10 - 12 July 2002. On CD. IFIP.

Kotzé P  & Oestreicher L. 2002. Teaching Human‑Computer Interaction: Qualitative Support for an Alternative Approach. Usability: Gaining a Competitive Edge, IFIP World Computer Congress, Montreal, Canada, 267 – 281. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.

 Kotzé P & Singh S. 2002. Towards a Framework for E‑Commerce Usability. Enablement Through Technology. ‑ Proceedings of SAICSIT 2002 Conference, edited by J E Barrow, P Kotzé, & L M Venter, 2 -10. ACM Conference Proceedings Series, Unisa Press, Pretoria.

 Kotzé P & Van der Poll J A. 2002. What Design Heuristics May Enhance the Utility of a Formal Specification. Enablement Through Technology. ‑ Proceedings of SAICSIT 2002 Conference, edited by J E Barrow, P Kotze, & L M Venter, 179 – 194. ACM Conference Proceedings Series, Unisa Press, Pretoria.

Kotzé P, Oestreicher L, Palmer L. 2001. A Resource Base for Human‑Computer Interaction Educational Material. In: Proceedings of SACLA 2001 Conference. University of Pretoria.

 Kotzé, P, Oestreicher L.  2001. A Framework for the Development of an International Resource Base for Human‑Computer Interaction Educational Material. In: Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT 01, edited by M Hirose. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

 Kotzé, P, Oestreicher L, Rauterberg M, Toleman M. 2001. Workshop on Developing Educational Material for HCI: Validation and Quality Control Issues. In: Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT 01, edited by M Hirose, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.

 Kotzé P, Renaud K, Van Dyk T. 2001. Introducing Metrics for Evaluating Usability Aspects of E‑Commerce Sites, Proceedings of CHI-SA, CHI-SA, Pretoria.

 Kotze P & Van der Poll J A. 2001. The specification of multi-level marketing business, In: Hardware Software and Peopleware, edited by K V Renaud, P Kotzé, A Barnard. (Proceedings of SAICSIT 2001 Conference), Unisa Press, Pretoria.

 Kotzé P, Erwin G J, & Singh S. 2001. Electronic Business Accepted Practices (E-BAP): Standardised HCI for E-Commerce in South Africa. In: SAICSIT 2001 Postgraduate Research Symposium. University of South Africa.

Kotzé P, Renaud K, Van Dyk T. 2001. A Mechanism for Evaluating Feedback of E‑Commerce Sites. In: Towards the E-Society - E-Commerce, E-Business and E-Government, edited by B Schmid, K Stanoevska-Slabeva, & V Tschammer. (Proceedings of the First IFIP Conference on - E-Commerce, E-Business and E-Government (I3E 2001), October 3-5 , pages 389 -398. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.